洱海湖滨区蜻蜓物种多样性与环境影响因子关系初探     

杨国辉  徐吉山  杨盛春  张吉龙  张关令 《湖泊科学》2018,30(4):1075-1082

为探究洱海湖滨区环境因子与蜻蜓物种多样性之间的关系,2014年5月至2017年5月对洱海10个样点进行实地调查,记录植物20科46种,共采集蜻蜓11科22属28种1448个体,并对环境因子与蜻蜓多样性进行相关性分析.结果表明蜻蜓成虫多样性与植被丰富度、湿生植被覆盖度、挺水植被覆盖度和沉水植被覆盖度均呈正相关,与浮水植物覆盖度和人为干扰程度呈负相关;稚虫多样性与湖底底质和水体溶解氧呈正相关,并对结果进行了讨论.研究结果给洱海蜻蜓栖息地的保护及湖滨缓冲带生态修复提供了有益的参考和数据支持.  相似文献   

鄱阳湖湿地典型植被群落地下水—土壤—植被—大气系统界面水分通量及水源组成     

许秀丽  李云良  谭志强  张奇 《湖泊科学》2018,30(5):1351-1367

地下水-土壤-植被-大气系统(GSPAC)界面水分传输是湿地生态水文过程研究的关键.本文选取鄱阳湖湿地高位滩地的2种典型植被群落:茵陈蒿(Artemisia capillaris)和芦苇(Phragmites australis)群落为研究对象,运用HYDRUS-1D垂向一维数值模拟,量化了湿地GSPAC系统界面水分通量,阐明了典型丰水年(2012年)和枯水年(2013年)鄱阳湖湿地植被群落的蒸腾用水规律和水源组成.结果表明:(1)茵陈蒿和芦苇群落土壤-大气界面的年降水入渗量为1570~1600 mm,主要集中在雨季4-6月,占年总量的60%;植物-大气界面的年蒸腾总量分别为346~470 mm和926~1057 mm,其中7-8月植被生长旺季最大,占年总量的40%~46%;地下水-根区土壤界面的向上补给水量受不同水文年水位变化的影响显著,地下水年补给量分别为15~513 mm和277~616 mm,主要发生在蒸散发作用强烈和地下水埋深较浅的时段.(2)植被蒸腾用水分为生长初期(4-6月)和生长旺季(7-10月)2个阶段,丰水年植被的整个生长期蒸腾用水充足,枯水年植被生长旺季的蒸腾用水受到严重水分胁迫,实际蒸腾量仅为潜在蒸腾量的一半左右.(3)不同水文年湿地植被生长旺季的水源贡献不同:丰水年茵陈蒿群落以地下水补给为主,芦苇群落以湖水和地下水补给为主;枯水年茵陈蒿群落以降水和前期土壤水储量为主,芦苇群落以地下水补给为主.本研究结果有助于揭示湿地植被的水分利用策略,为阐明湖泊水情变化与植被演替的作用机理提供参考依据.  相似文献   

Levels and distribution of tris-(2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate and hexabromocyclododecanes in surface sediments from the Yellow River Delta wetland of China     

Ling Wang  Mengyuan Zhang  Yinghua Lou  Runhui Ke  Minggang Zheng 《Marine pollution bulletin》2017,114(1):577-582

The levels and distribution of tris-(2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate (TBC) and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) of surface sediments in the Yellow River Delta wetland had been investigated. The concentrations of TBC and ∑ HBCDs ranged from 0.20 to 29.03 ng·g^? 1 dw and below limits of detections (LODs) to 20.25 ng·g^? 1 dw. The average composition profile of three HBCDs isomers were 10.1%, 6.1% and 83.8% for α-, β- and γ-HBCD, respectively. Moreover, correlation analysis indicated there are similar sources among three isomers and positive correlations between total organic carbon (TOC) content and concentrations of TBC and HBCDs. The mass inventory of TBC,α-, β-, γ-HBCD, ΣHBCDs in surface sediments of Yellow River Delta wetland were estimated about 725.50, 72.76, 44.29, 548.34, 665.39 kg. Therefore, further investigations on potential human health and environmental risk assessments of TBC and HBCDs were needed.  相似文献   

Modelling groundwater/surface water interaction in a managed riparian chalk valley wetland          下载免费PDF全文

A. R. House  J. R. Thompson  J. P. R. Sorensen  C. Roberts  M. C. Acreman 《水文研究》2016,30(3):447-462

Understanding hydrological processes in wetlands may be complicated by management practices and complex groundwater/surface water interactions. This is especially true for wetlands underlain by permeable geology, such as chalk. In this study, the physically based, distributed model MIKE SHE is used to simulate hydrological processes at the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology River Lambourn Observatory, Boxford, Berkshire, UK. This comprises a 10‐ha lowland, chalk valley bottom, riparian wetland designated for its conservation value and scientific interest. Channel management and a compound geology exert important, but to date not completely understood, influences upon hydrological conditions. Model calibration and validation were based upon comparisons of observed and simulated groundwater heads and channel stages over an equally split 20‐month period. Model results are generally consistent with field observations and include short‐term responses to events as well as longer‐term seasonal trends. An intrinsic difficulty in representing compressible, anisotropic soils limited otherwise excellent performance in some areas. Hydrological processes in the wetland are dominated by the interaction between groundwater and surface water. Channel stage provides head boundaries for broad water levels across the wetland, whilst areas of groundwater upwelling control discrete head elevations. A relic surface drainage network confines flooding extents and routes seepage to the main channels. In‐channel macrophyte growth and its management have an acute effect on water levels and the proportional contribution of groundwater and surface water. The implications of model results for management of conservation species and their associated habitats are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Multi‐year water balance assessment of a newly constructed wetland,Fort McMurray,Alberta          下载免费PDF全文

Erin M. Nicholls  Sean K. Carey  Elyn R. Humphreys  M. Graham Clark  Gordon B. Drewitt 《水文研究》2016,30(16):2739-2753

Oil sands mining in Alberta transforms the boreal landscape of forests and wetlands into open pits, tailings ponds and overburden piles. Whereas reclamation efforts have primarily focused on upland forests, rebuilding wetland systems has recently become a motivation for research. Wetland creation and sustainability in this region is complicated by the sub‐humid climate and salinity of underlying mining material. In 2012, Syncrude Canada Ltd. completed the construction of the Sandhill Fen Watershed (SFW), a 52‐ha upland‐wetland system to evaluate wetland reclamation strategies on soft tailings. SFW includes an active pumping system, upland hummocks, a fen wetland and underdrains. To evaluate the influence of management practices on the hydrology of the system, this study reports the water balance from January 2013 to December 2014, the first 2 years after commissioning. A semi‐distributed approach was taken to examine the fluxes and stores of water in uplands and lowlands. Natural and artificial inputs and outputs were measured using a series of precipitation gauges and pumps, and evapotranspiration was quantified using three eddy covariance towers. A series of near surface wells recorded water table position. Both 2013 and 2014 were normal rainfall years, with 2013 having more and 2014 less snow than normal. In 2013, inflow/outflow from pumping was the predominant hydrological fluxes, resulting in considerable variability in water table position and storage changes throughout the summer. In 2014, the artificial addition of water was negligible, yet the water table remained near the surface in lowland locations, suggesting that wetland conditions could be maintained under current conditions. Evapotranspiration rates between uplands and lowlands were similar between years and sites, ranging from 2.2 ± 1.8 to 2.5 ± 1.2 mm/day and were largely controlled by climate. These rates were less than nearby older upland systems, suggesting that water balance partitioning will change as vegetation develops. Comparison between years and with natural systems provides insight on how management practices influence hydrologic dynamics and the overall water balance of the SFW. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Impact of climate change on wetland ecosystems: A critical review of experimental wetlands     

Shokoufeh Salimi  Suhad A.A.A.N. Almuktar  Miklas Scholz 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2011

Climate change is identified as a major threat to wetlands. Altered hydrology and rising temperature can change the biogeochemistry and function of a wetland to the degree that some important services might be turned into disservices. This means that they will, for example, no longer provide a water purification service and adversely they may start to decompose and release nutrients to the surface water. Moreover, a higher rate of decomposition than primary production (photosynthesis) may lead to a shift of their function from being a sink of carbon to a source. This review paper assesses the potential response of natural wetlands (peatlands) and constructed wetlands to climate change in terms of gas emission and nutrients release. In addition, the impact of key climatic factors such as temperature and water availability on wetlands has been reviewed. The authors identified the methodological gaps and weaknesses in the literature and then introduced a new framework for conducting a comprehensive mesocosm experiment to address the existing gaps in literature to support future climate change research on wetland ecosystems. In the future, higher temperatures resulting in drought might shift the role of both constructed wetland and peatland from a sink to a source of carbon. However, higher temperatures accompanied by more precipitation can promote photosynthesis to a degree that might exceed the respiration and maintain the carbon sink role of the wetland. There might be a critical water level at which the wetland can preserve most of its services. In order to find that level, a study of the key factors of climate change and their interactions using an appropriate experimental method is necessary. Some contradictory results of past experiments can be associated with different methodologies, designs, time periods, climates, and natural variability. Hence a long-term simulation of climate change for wetlands according to the proposed framework is recommended. This framework provides relatively more accurate and realistic simulations, valid comparative results, comprehensive understanding and supports coordination between researchers. This can help to find a sustainable management strategy for wetlands to be resilient to climate change.  相似文献   

张掖市城市湿地土壤盐分、pH值和含水量的空间异质性分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

秦晓燕 《地下水》2011,(1):8-11

基于区域变量化理论,运用传统统计学和地质统计学方法,以张掖市城市湿地为研究区,定量分析湿地土壤盐分、pH值和含水量的空间异质性.结果表明:土壤盐分较高,呈一定的碱化趋势;盐分属于强变异程度,pH值属于弱变异程度,含水量属于中等变异程度;根据半方差函数理论模型分析,盐分受结构性因素较大影响表现为强空间相关性,pH值受随机...  相似文献   

基于3S的荣成湾沿岸土地覆被变化及驱动力研究          下载免费PDF全文

张明明  王庆  李希国  刘亚龙  衣华鹏  邸向红  孙云华  田清 《海洋与湖沼》2011,42(1):20-26

运用3S技术对最近40年来荣成湾沿岸土地覆被动态变化及驱动力进行研究.结果表明,该区海岸湿地土地覆被总面积和陆域土地覆被总面积变化不大,但其各自类型结构和分布均发生了显著调整,而且二者变化在时间上不同步.从面积上讲,前者以1981年为界,渴湖和沙地先减少后波动增加,滩涂和沼泽地先增加后波动减少;养殖池从无到有并迅速增加...  相似文献   

两株河口湿地耐盐石油降解菌的生物学特性及降解能力研究     

张竹圆  白洁  周方  蔡忠亚  赵阳国  田伟君 《海洋湖沼通报》2011,(1):147-153

从辽河口湿地污染土壤样品中分离筛选出2株高效石油降解茵lhk-2和lhk-10,经鉴定lhk-2为巴氏萄萄球菌(Staphylococcus pasteuri),lhk-10为嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonasmaltophili).两株菌的石油降解能力研究结果表明,培养8d后,加菌组的石油烃降解率均在...  相似文献   

滨海湿地咸水冲淡驱动机理     

高茂生  叶思源  袁红明  赵广明  丁喜桂 《海洋地质前沿》2011,(9):40-43

海陆界面水体相互作用研究是当代国际海岸带生态水文学的热点.滨海湿地的生态水文环境脆弱,浅层地下水及盐度梯度变化对其生长和发育起着控制作用.咸水冲淡驱动力主要是地下水动力作用、盐度驱动下的水化学运动作用和海洋潮汐作用的叠加效应.通过国内外学者近30年的研究成果分析了滨海湿地咸水冲淡研究程度及进展情况,认为掌握咸水冲淡驱动...  相似文献